Secure Storage of Smart Contracts on Blockchain Platforms
A Systematic Review
Keywords:
Smart Contracts, Blockchain Security, Data Privacy, Access Control, Secure StorageAbstract
The rapid evolution and adoption of blockchain technology have brought to the forefront the significance of smart contracts – self-executing contracts with terms directly encoded into the blockchain. Despite their utility, these smart contracts face numerous security challenges, particularly in the realm of secure storage. Addressing these challenges is crucial for maintaining data privacy, integrity, and robust access control mechanisms within blockchain platforms. This systematic review was conducted following the guidelines by Kitchenham and Charters, focusing on peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers published between 2014 and 2024. The study selection process involved an extensive search of electronic databases such as IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Springer Link, and ScienceDirect. Researchers screened titles and abstracts, eliminating studies that did not specifically address the secure storage of smart contracts. Selected studies underwent a detailed evaluation based on predefined criteria, focusing on research objectives, methodologies, comprehensive topic coverage, and rigorous data collection and analysis techniques. Key information was then extracted, and a thematic analysis was performed to identify and categorize emerging themes for 220 papers from all total papers publishing 11,224 papers. The review revealed that public blockchains have garnered the most research attention due to their open and decentralized nature, followed by private and consortium blockchains. Critical themes identified include data privacy and confidentiality, integrity and immutability, access control and authorization, and performance and scalability considerations. Each theme underscores the multifaceted security challenges inherent in the storage of smart contracts. The findings highlight the need for continuous innovation and improvement in securing smart contracts, essential for the advancement of blockchain technology. The lack of standardized guidelines and adaptive security measures poses significant challenges. Future research should focus on developing streamlined, less complex solutions that integrate robust security mechanisms while maintaining functionality and efficiency. This systematic review provides valuable insights, guiding future research and development efforts aimed at enhancing the safety and reliability of blockchain applications.
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